The basis for increasing the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding and, as a consequence, increasing milk production is the genetic improvement of bred dairy cattle. The relevance of the research problem is due to the efficiency of breeding work with dairy cattle, the improvement of which can be expected with the use of a complex of zootechnical and biotechnological techniques. The aim of the research is to identify the polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene in cows of the breeding group for dairy productivity. Genotyping of cows was carried out in 4 enterprises of the Omsk region. The number of animals in the selected group was 200 heads. According to the DGAT1 gene, the frequency range of heterozygotes was from 0.28 to 0.57. In commodity enterprises, the frequency of homozygous genotype AA was 0.16, and in enterprises breeding animals, the frequency of occurrence of the genotype was 0.08. The desired genotype was more frequent in breeding animals and was 0.82. The level of expected heterozygosity (He) for the DGAT1 gene in animals of the red steppe breeds had a significant range of values from 0.30 to 0.49. The analysis carried out to assess the polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene in cattle in the Omsk region showed that majority of animals that can transmit to the next generation the necessary breeding qualities of productivity associated with a low proportion of milk fat are breeding cows of the red steppe breed of the Omsk region. The selection of individuals with the desired genotype in order to obtain offspring with specified qualities will accelerate the pace of breeding progress in dairy cattle breeding in the Omsk region.
gene, red steppe breed, selection, milk productivity, genotype, dgat1
1. Yurchenko E.N., Grigor'ev M.E. Vliyanie uluchshayuschey porody na fenotipicheskie osobennosti krasnogo stepnogo skota // Izvestiya Gorskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2021. T. 58-4. S. 56-60. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/USGONC
2. Ivanova I.P. Polimorfizm gena prolaktina i vliyanie ego genotipa na molochnuyu produktivnost' korov Omskoy oblasti // Izvestiya Gorskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2022. T. 59-2. S. 68-73. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/EICZPQ
3. Il'ina A.V., Abramova M.V., Zyryanova S.V. Allel'nyy polimorfizm krupnogo rogatogo skota yaroslavskoy porody po genam molochnoy produktivnosti // Vestnik Buryatskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy akademii im. V.R. Filippova. 2018. № 4(53). S. 55-62. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YWOZPV
4. Zinnatov F.F. Ispol'zovanie DNK-analiza v identifikacii polimorfnyh variantov genov lipidnogo i belkovogo obmena u korov // Voprosy normativno-pravovogo regulirovaniya v veterinarii. 2021. № 1. S. 96-97. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SSKDTS
5. Voronina E.N., Sokolova E.A., Donchenko N.A. Polimorfnye varianty genov, associirovannye so svoystvami moloka krupnogo rogatogo skota // Vestnik APK Stavropol'ya. 2018. № 4(34). S. 59-64. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/POJWYP
6. Mihalyuk A.N., Tanana L.A., Kuz'mina T.I. Associaciya kompleksa polimorfnyh variantov genov DGAT1, GH, PRL i BLG s pokazatelyami molochnoy produktivnosti korov golshtinskoy porody molochnogo skota otechestvennoy selekcii // Genetika i razvedenie zhivotnyh. 2023. № 1. S. 74-83. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HOYEXJ
7. Nemceva E.Yu., Lavrent'ev A.Yu. Ispol'zovanie immunogeneticheskogo analiza v celyah povysheniya molochnoy produktivnosti korov // Vestnik Chuvashskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy akademii. 2019. № 4(11). S. 97-101. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/UATPFB
8. Mihalyuk A.N., Tanana L.A., Epishko O.A., Kuz'mina T.I. Vliyanie genov diacilglicerol O-aciltransferazy 1 (DGAT1) i somatotropina (GH) na pokazateli molochnoy produktivnosti korov krasnoy belorusskoy porodnoy gruppy // Genetika i razvedenie zhivotnyh. 2020. № 2. S. 31-36. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/FPQPGC
9. Lashneva I.A., Kosicin A.A., Sermyagin A.A., Zinov'eva N.A. Polnogenomnyy analiz associaciy s kolichestvom somaticheskih kletok i ih differenciaciey po vidam v moloke korov // Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo. 2022. № 6. S. 12-17. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/JADPWN
10. Gogaev O.K., Kairov V.R., Demurova A.R., Kadieva T.A. The Effect of Fatness of Cows on their Milk Production. Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences. 2019;10(4):1-3. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/BVLOWL
11. Ivanova I.P., Trocenko I.V., Kabickaya Ya.A. Polimorfizm gena prolaktina v populyacii molochnogo skota Omskoy oblasti // Vestnik KrasGAU. 2023. № 1(190). S. 89-94. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ORBVZZ
