The article reviews methods of ultrasound and morphometric examination of the prostate gland in dogs in order to identify normal characteristics and changes associated with various pathologies. The technical aspects of ultrasound scanning are reviewed, as well as methods for measuring and analyzing morphometric parameters. The studies were carried out at the Department of Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and Pathological Anatomy, at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Omsk State Agrarian University (Omsk region). The subjects of the study were sexually mature male dogs of the French bulldog breed aged from 2 to 10 years. As a result of the studies, it was established that the prostate gland is located under the bladder and surrounds the first part of the urethra. Normally, the prostate in males has an oval shape and size, which may vary slightly depending on the age, breed and individual characteristics of the dog. On average, its size is about 4 cm in length, 3 cm in width and 3 cm in height. When palpated, the prostate usually has an elastic consistency. It may feel a little soft when pressed lightly, but should not be too hard or very soft. The structure of the prostate consists of glandular tissue, smooth muscle fibers and connective tissue. With prostate hyperplasia in male dogs, excessive growth of the glandular tissue of the prostate occurs, which leads to an increase in the size of the gland and can cause pathological changes. The organ becomes noticeably enlarged compared to its normal state. Dimensions can vary up to 7 centimeters in length and width depending on the degree of hyperplasia and the individual characteristics of the dog. It may have bulges, protrusions, or unnatural contours. Hyperplasia leads to an increase in the amount of glandular tissue, which makes the prostate harder and more compact when palpated.
morphology, prostate, hyperplasia, male dog, pathology
1. Bylinskaya D.S. Istochniki arterial'nogo krovosnabzheniya predstatel'noy zhelezy kobeley // Materialy nacional'noy nauchnoy konferencii professorsko-prepodavatel'skogo sostava, nauchnyh sotrudnikov i aspirantov SPbGUVM, Sankt-Peterburg, 30 yanvarya - 03 2023 goda / SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet veterinarnoy mediciny, 2023. S. 14-16. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/JKTRBI
2. Gareeva E.A. Giperplaziya predstatel'noy zhelezy // Sb. klinicheskih sluchaev: praktika nachinayuschego veterinarnogo vracha: sb. opisaniy klinicheskih sluchaev studentov fakul'teta veterinarnoy mediciny i ekspertizy, obuchayuschihsya po special'nosti - 36.05.01 Veterinariya. Ekaterinburg: Ural'skiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet, 2021.S. 12-13. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/CGKNNV
3. Daut A.V. Klinicheskiy sluchay prostatita u kobelya // Aktual'nye voprosy veterinarnoy mediciny: sb. klinicheskih sluchaev: sb. tezisov studentov fakul'teta veterinarnoy mediciny i ekspertizy, obuchayuschihsya po special'nosti 36.05.01 Veterinariya. Ekaterinburg: Ural'skiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet, 2022. S. 89-91. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DCZLVG
4. Zhanbolat A.M., Honin G.A. / Katalog nauchnyh i innovacionnyh razrabotok FGBOU VO Omskiy GAU: sb. statey. Ser. Veterinariya. Omsk, 2022. S. 62-63.
5. Zhanbolat A.M., Honin G.A. Metod vizualizacii dobrokachestvennyh neoplaziy predstatel'noy zhelezy u kobeley. Katalog nauchnyh i innovacionnyh razrabotok FGBOU VO Omskiy GAU: sb. materialov po itogam nauchno-issledovatel'skoy deyatel'nosti. Omsk: Omskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet imeni P.A. Stolypina, 2022. S. 181-182. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MTEDEK
6. Markova M.V., Toyakov D.A. Ul'trazvukovaya anatomiya predstatel'noy zhelezy sobak v norme i pri patologii // Perspektivy ustoychivogo razvitiya APK: sb. materialov Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., Omsk, 06 iyunya 2017 goda. Omsk: Omskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet imeni P.A. Stolypina, 2017. S. 133-136. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ZGECKH
7. Morfofunkcional'noe sostoyanie zhelezistyh struktur mochepolovogo apparata v norme i pri patologiyah u samcov sobak / A.M. Zhanbolat, V.N. Telenkov, G.A. Honin // Novye podhody k izucheniyu aktual'nyh problem patologii, morfologii i fiziologii zhivotnyh: materialy Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., posvyasch. 85-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya professora, doktora biologicheskih nauk P'yanova Vladimira Dmitrievicha i 105-letiyu so dnya obrazovaniya kafedry anatomii, gistologii, fiziologii i patologicheskoy anatomii FGBOU VO Omskiy GAU, Omsk, 8 noyabrya 2022 goda. Omsk: Omskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet imeni P.A. Stolypina, 2022. S. 32-36. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/TEKPMU
8. Snitko I.O., Markova M.V., Dorofeeva V.P. Transabdominal'naya ul'trazvukovaya ocenka predstatel'noy zhelezy u krolikov // Sovremennye tendencii razvitiya veterinarnoy nauki i praktiki: sb. materialov Vseros. (nac.) nauch.-prakt. konf. fakul'teta veterinarnoy mediciny IVMiB FGBOU VO Omskiy GAU, Omsk, 27 aprelya 2023 goda. Omsk: Omskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet imeni P.A. Stolypina, 2023. S. 688-691. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/GQBQIL
9. Telenkov V.N., Honin G.A. Morfologiya ekstra- i intraorgannyh sosudov predstatel'noy zhelezy i mochepolovogo kanala u pushnyh zverey semeystva kun'ih // Vestnik KrasGAU. 2019. № 7(148). S. 103-109. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RYOAFW
10. Telenkov V.N. Morfologicheskie osobennosti organov mochepolovogo apparata krolikov // Vestnik KrasGAU. 2021. № 12(177). S. 167-173. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/BULWTB
11. Rose E., Raskin D., Mayer J., Canine and feline cytology: a color atlas and interpretation guide, second edition, 2010. P. 296.
