In 2023, according to Rosstat, the gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops in Russia amounted to 142.6 million tons, which is 9.5% less than in 2022. In the Omsk region, this figure in 2023 amounted to 2.5 million tons, which is 14.2% less than last year. The main reason for the decline is unfavorable weather conditions. In the conditions of the sharply continental climate of Siberia, in order to ensure the potential yield of a cultivated crop, it is necessary to create varieties adapted to local soil and climatic conditions. In turn, the creation of new varieties is possible only with the availability of breeding and seed-growing equipment and technology. A breeding combine is one of the most complex agricultural machines that performs the most significant technological operation - harvesting. Currently, this machine is not produced in the Russian Federation, and the market is represented only by foreign equipment, mostly produced in unfriendly countries. To resolve the current problematic situation in the field of breeding technology, a prototype of a breeding combine was designed and manufactured at the Omsk Experimental Plant. This machine, marked with the brand KS-130-SE, was subjected to field tests at the Siberian State Zonal Machine Testing Station. During the test, direct harvesting of wheat of the Omsk-35 variety was carried out. The yield of the variety was 21.3 c/ha. During field tests of the breeding combine, agrotechnical and operational-technological indicators of its operation were determined. In general, the combine carries out the technological process, but some indicators (total grain losses behind the combine, total grain losses behind the thresher, trash) do not correspond to STO AIST 8.22-2010. This fact indicates that it is necessary to conduct scientific research to substantiate the parameters and operating modes of the threshing part of the combine in order to eliminate the above-mentioned shortcomings. According to the results of the research, it is necessary to modernize and refine the design of the KS-130-SE combine harvester to ensure high quality indicators for the implementation of the threshing process.
selective harvester, harvesting, field trials, agrotechnical indicators
1. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 02.07.2021 N 400 "O Strategii nacional'noy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federacii". URL: http://www.consultant.ru /document/cons_doc_LAW_389271/ (data obrascheniya: 10.08.2022).
2. Koncepciya dolgosrochnogo social'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federacii na period do 2030 goda. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_144190/ (data obrascheniya: 10.08.2022).
3. Experimental registrations of plain sieve operation, making transverse fluctuations / U.K. Sabiev, E.V. Demchuk, A.Y. Golovin [et al] // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2018. S. 012074. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YBPMBF
4. Sbor zerna v RF v chistom vese v 2023 godu sostavil 142,6 mln tonn // TASS. URL: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/19622673.
5. V Omskoy oblasti zavershena uborochnaya kampaniya // Kommmersant'. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/6321151.
6. Selekciya adaptivnyh sortov yarovoy pshenicy v Sibiri / A.A. Kazak, Yu.P. Loginov, V.P. Shamanin [i dr.] // Zernovoe hozyaystvo Rossii. 2015. № 1. S. 26-30. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/TJEZMZ
7. Genetic diversity of spring wheat from kazakhstan and russia for resistance to stem rust UG99 / V. Shamanin, E. Salina, R. Wanyera [et al] // Euphytica. 2016. T. 212. № 2. S. 287-296. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/XFJNEF
8. Genetic protection of wheat from rusts and development of resistant varieties in Russia and Ukraine / A. Morgounov, I. Ablova, L. Bespalova [et al] // Euphytica. 2011. T. 179. № 2. S. 297-311. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/OHTDAB
9. Genetic basis of spring wheat resistance to leaf rust (puccinia triticina) in Kazakhstan and Russia / A. Morgounov, V. Pozherukova, J. Kolmer [et al] // Euphytica. 2020. T. 216. № 11. S. 170. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/JTQSLG
10. Gol'tyapin V.Ya. Sovremennye selekcionnye i semenovodcheskie zernouborochnye kombayny zarubezhnyh kompaniy // Traktory i sel'hozmashiny. 2020. № 4. S. 58-69. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YSMRMH
11. Analiz modeley, tehnicheskih harakteristik i konstruktivnyh osobennostey selekcionnyh i semenovodcheskih zernouborochnyh kombaynov / E.V. Demchuk, D.A. Golovanov, E.I. Mal'ceva [i dr.] // Vestnik Omskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2023. № 3(51). S. 204-215. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/VKSYRR
12. Protokol ispytaniy kombayna selekcionnogo KS-130-SE. № 12-1-2016. 2016. 58 s.
13. Protokol ispytaniy (kratkiy) selekcionnogo kombayna SK-110. № 12-21-201. 2019. 5 s.
