Birds, with their wide geographical distribution and close relationship with other organisms, occupy an important place in the spread of diseases of farm animals and humans. They are also a reservoir for drug-resistant bacteria. This problem, discussed in the article, is relevant on a global scale. The systematic review is devoted to the analysis of the available literature on the composition of the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract and its role in the vital activity of the host. The review provides up-to-date information on wild and synanthropic birds as one of the important factors in the reservation and spread of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria and viruses. The article describes the main aspects and features of bird migration, as well as the role of migratory species in the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. The degree of influence of urbanization on both migratory and synanthropic birds is considered. A systematic review of domestic and foreign literature allows us to identify ways to further monitor the impact of migratory birds on the spread of infectious diseases. It is important to focus research attention on constant monitoring of wildlife, as this is crucial for a better understanding of the role of birds in the global spread of infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance.
migratory birds, synanthropic birds, microbiocenosis, migration, bacteria, antibiotic resistance, influenza virus
1. Wild waterfowl migration and domestic duck density shape the epidemiology of highly pathogenic H5N8 influenza in the Republic of Korea / S.C. Hill, Y.J. Lee, B.M. Song [et al.] // Infect Genet Evol. 2015. No. 34. P. 267-77. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/UUHNIL
2. Ponamarev N.M. Rol' pereletnyh ptic i gidrobiontov v rasprostranenii bolezney domashnih utok // Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2019. № 6(176). S. 133-137. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QZIJFU
3. Perveneckaya M.V. Vidovye osobennosti topografii i stroenie vozduhonosnyh meshkov u kuricy, utki i gusya // ONV. 2012. №2 (114). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NYDRKC
4. Mikrobiom sel'skohozyaystvennoy pticy: problemy i perspektivy / L.A. Il'ina, E.A. Yyldyrym, D.G. Tyurina [i dr.] // Gastroenterologiya Sankt-Peterburga. 2020. № 1-2. S. 83-85. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/UJRNZL
5. Zolotova N.S., Penkina O.L., Lescheva N.A. Enterobiocenoz zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta dikih utok // Pticevodstvo. 2018. № 3. S. 31-35. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/XPMCAX
6. Mikrobiologicheskiy monitoring dikih i sinantropnyh ptic regiona ozera Baykal / C.V. Cydypov, Yu.Zh. Budaev, D.N. Petruev [i dr.] // Ministerstvo sel'skogo hozyaystva RF, Departament nauchno-tehnologicheskoy politiki i obrazovaniya, Buryatskaya GSHA im. V.R. Filippova. 2016. S.163.
7. The changing microbiome of poultry meat, from farm to fridge / M. Marmion, M.T. Ferone, P. Whyte [et al.] // Food Microbiol. 2021. No. 99. P. 13823. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/AGGHZW
8. Gurdova B.Yu. Rol' pereletnyh ptic kak perenoschikov virusnyh zabolevaniy domashney pticy // Problemy nauchno-prakticheskoy deyatel'nosti. Poisk i vybor innovacionnyh resheniy: sb. statey po itogam Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., Kazan'. 2022. S. 13-15. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LWUMEN
9. Patterns of Bird-Bacteria Associations / D.M. Chung, E. Ferree, D.M. Simon [et al.] // Ecohealth. 2018. No. 15(3). P. 627-641. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MDTJON
10. Environmental drivers of autumn migration departure decisions in midcontinental mallards / F.G. Weller, W.S. Beatty, E.B. Webb [et al.] // Mov Ecol. 2022. No. 10(1). P. 19-32. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RJRXAZ
11. Chernecov N.S. Migracii vorob'inyh ptic (ostanovki i polet): dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni doktora biologicheskih nauk. Sankt-Peterburg. 2008. S. 290. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QEIAND
12. Mal'chevskiy A.C. Dispersiya osobey i evolyuciya vidov i populyaciy u ptic // Rus. ornitol. zhurn. 2012. № 814. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/PFBDFZ
13. Anatidae migration in the western Palearctic and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5NI virus / M. Gilbert, X. Xiao, J. Domenech [et al.] // Emerg Infect Dis. 2006. No. 12(11). P. 1650-6.
14. Environmental Perturbations during the Rehabilitation of Wild Migratory Birds Induce Gut Microbiome Alteration and Antibiotic Resistance Acquisition / H. Song, S. Yi, W.H. Kim [et al.] // Microbiol Spectr. 2022. No. 10(4). P. 116322. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DMZQFN
15. Aagaard K.J., Lonsdorf E.V., Thogmartin W.E. Effects of weather variation on waterfowl migration: Lessons from a continental-scale generalizable avian movement and energetics model // Ecol Evol. 2022 No. 12(2). P. 8617.
16. Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Enteric Microflora of Wild Ducks / D.A. Mathys, D.F. Mollenkopf, J. Nolting [et al.] // J Wildl Dis. 2017. No. 53(3). P. 690-694.
17. Community-Level Differences in the Microbiome of Healthy Wild Mallards and Those Infected by Influenza A Viruses / H.H. Ganz, L. Doroud, A.J. Firl [et al.] // mSystems. 2020. No. 2(1). P. 188-16.
18. Ustoychivost' k antibakterial'nym preparatam enterokokkov, vydelennyh iz mikrobioty kishechnika cyplyat-broylerov: fenotipicheskaya harakteristika i geneticheskiy kontrol' / E.E. Kochkina, V.V. Dymova, A.A. Aboimova [i dr.] // Sovremennye tendencii razvitiya veterinarnoy nauki i praktiki: materialy Nac. (Vseros.) nauch.-prakt. konf., Omsk. 2021. S. 311-317. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ZCKOPI
19. Van der Kolk J.H. Role for migratory domestic poultry and or wild birds in the global spread of avian influenza // Vet Q. 2019. No. 39(1). P. 161-167. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/JRLCOK
20. Litvinov O.B., Brylina V.E., Sadovaya E.A. Vidovaya identifikaciya i antibiotikorezistentnost' bakteriy roda Streptococcus sp. i Enterococcus sp., vydelennyh ot sel'skohozyaystvennoy pticy // Aktual'nye problemy veterinarnoy mediciny, zootehnii, biotehnologii i ekspertizy syr'ya i produktov zhivotnogo proishozhdeniya: sb. tr. nauch.-prakt. konf., Moskva. 2022. S. 302-304.
21. Reconstruction of long-distance bird migration routes using advanced machine learning techniques on geolocator data / M. Ancerasa, M. Sangiorgio, R. Ambrosini [et al.] // J. R. Soc.Interface. 2019. No. 16: P. 31.
22. Solov'ev S.A. Fauna ptic i ornitokompleksy OOPT prirodnyy park "Ptich'ya gavan'" v gnezdovyy period // Ekologicheskie problemy regiona i puti ih razresheniya: materialy XVII Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., Omsk. 2023. S. 85-90. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/EUOHLZ
23. Odinceva O.A. Izmeneniya naseleniya ptic goroda Omska za poslednie 30 let // Ekologicheskie chteniya-2021: HII Nac. nauch.-prakt. konf. s mezhdunar. uchastiem, Omsk. 2021. S. 511-515. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QUCALK
24. Gurdova B.Yu., Muhitov A.Z. Rol' pereletnyh ptic kak perenoschikov virusnyh zabolevaniy domashney pticy // Problemy nauchno-prakticheskoy deyatel'nosti. Poisk i vybor innovacionnyh resheniy: sb. statey po itogam Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., Kazan'. 2022. S. 13-15. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LWUMEN
25. Effects of bacterial microflora of the lower digestive tract of free-range waterfowl on influenza virus activation / M.D. King, M.N. Guentzel, B.P. Arulanandam [et al.] // Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017. No. 77(12). P. 4119-25.
26. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus-Induced Mass Death of Wild Birds, Caspian Sea, Russia, 2022 / I. Sobolev, A. Gadzhiev, K. Sharshov [et al.] // Emerg Infect Dis. 2023. No. 29(12). P. 2528-2532. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DPVTFM
27. Chernecov N.S. Izuchenie migraciy ptic segodnya: nekotorye dostizheniya i novye slozhnosti // Trudy Zoologicheskogo instituta RAN. 2023. T. 327, № 4. S. 607-622. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/KAGWGU
28. Genetic and biological characterization of two reassortant H5N2 avian influenza A viruses isolated from waterfowl in China in 2016 / L. Kaituo, G.Ruyi, G. Min [et al.] // Veterinary Microbiology. 2018. No. 2. P. 433.
29. Human infections associated with wild birds / S. Tsiodras, T. Kelesidis, I. Kelesidis [et al.] // J Infect. 2008. No. 56(2). P. 83-98. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MMSGKL
30. Andersen A.A., Vanrompay D. Avian chlamydiosis // Rev Sci Techn. 2016. No. 19(2). P. 396-404.
31. Virus Usutu (Flaviviridae, Orthoflavivirus). Potencial'naya opasnost' i vozmozhnost' rasprostraneniya na territorii Rossiyskoy Federacii / E.V. Naydenova, K.S. Zaharov, K.D. Blinova [i dr.] // Problemy osobo opasnyh infekciy. 2023. № 3. S. 22-32. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/KDEAXP
