The article is devoted to the study of grain heap particle motion in a pneumatic machine for fractional separation and grain cleaning. The article outlines the importance of post-harvest processing of grain crops, describes the responsibility and energy intensity of the process. The article presents the results of theoretical and practical studies of a pneumatic grain cleaning machine, positive qualitative and quantitative cleaning indicators were obtained. The relevance of using machines of this type for preliminary cleaning is described. The results of research by scientists proving that more than half of the impurities contained in the original grain material can be separated by an air flow using the proposed design are described. An experimental model of a pneumatic grain cleaning unit for fractional separation of a grain heap is presented, the operating principle of which is based on dividing individual particles of a grain heap into fractions according to such features as mass, specific resistance to air flow and surface shape. The article presents experiments to determine the quantitative and qualitative performance indicators of the proposed unit. The obtained dependencies of the completeness of separation and grain losses on the feed and the resulting air flow velocity are presented. The analysis of the obtained dependencies is presented and recommendations for the use of a pneumatic machine for cleaning grain are made. Rational operating modes for preliminary, primary and secondary cleaning are determined.
grain heap, pneumatic gravity separator, air flow
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