Цель статьи - изучение современного состояния проблемы влияния кишечной микрофлоры, резистентной к антибиотикам, и лекарственных препаратов, содержащихся в навозе обычных животноводческих ферм, на микробиом почвы, и распространения генов устойчивости к противомикробным препаратам (ARGs) в окружающей среде. Коллективом авторов проведен анализ 123 источников, опубликованных в период с 2000 г. по июнь 2024 г., 52 из них использованы при подготовке обзора. Анализ научной литературы показал существование очень разнообразных и отчетливо отличающихся сообществ микроорганизмов, содержащихся в свежих фекалиях и навозе. Обнаружено, что виды и резистентные бактерии кишечной микрофлоры человека и животных значительно увеличивались во время накопления фекалий. Учеными отмечено, что при использовании навоза в сельском хозяйстве ветеринарные препараты и биоциды попадают в окружающую среду, влияя на качество почвы и воды. В зависимости от граничных условий, таких как температура хранения, содержание сухого вещества, кормление животных и доступность акцепторов электронов, фармацевтические препараты и биоциды могут подвергаться дальнейшей трансформации. Таким образом, анализ научной литературы показал, что это одна из наиболее сложных тем с пробелами в знаниях, связанных с составом, развитием, распространением устойчивости или адаптацией и активностью микробного сообщества. В результате изучения обобщенных мониторинговых исследований можно сделать вывод: ветеринарные лекарственные препараты встречаются в навозе повсеместно. Концентрации сульфадиазина и хлортетрациклина в окружающей среде превышали прогнозируемые концентрации. Такие мониторинговые исследования весьма актуальны с точки зрения оценки экологического риска пищевой безопасности.
навоз, кишечный микробиом, почвенный микробиом, антибиотики, резистентность
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