Forage production is a large and multifaceted branch of agriculture that determines the state of animal husbandry as a whole. The basis for the rapid and effective development of the livestock industry of the domestic agro-industrial complex is several factors, namely: the creation of highly productive livestock; the development of modern high-tech infrastructure; the formation of a reliable feed base, taking into account its filling with balanced, biologically complete, and most importantly safe feed. The use of a wide variety of raw materials of plant and animal origin in the production of compound feeds requires systematic (planned) and timely chemical-toxicological and bacteriological control. The large number of suppliers, the complexity of transportation and storage of raw materials increase the potential risks of pathogenic and opportunistic microflora entering the finished feed. This article lists the current rules and techniques necessary for bacteriological testing of raw materials used in forage production. The analysis and systematization of regulatory documentation regulating bacteriological safety indicators of raw materials is carried out. There are errors in the regulatory documentation that allow feed manufacturers to carry out an insufficiently complete bacteriological analysis of raw materials, which in turn has serious consequences in epizootic safety. This article reflects the potential consequences of using raw materials with bacterial contamination and the possibility of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora entering ready-made compound feed. The characteristics of infectious agents that are controlled in raw materials and compound feeds are given in detail, in addition, the importance of controlling opportunistic microflora is described. At the same time, the importance of identifying microorganisms in raw materials and compound feeds is noted.
forage production, compound feed, bacteriological, raw materials, pathogenic, opportunistic pathogenic microflora
1. Maciorowski K.G. Effects on poultry and livestock of feed contamination with bacteria and fungi. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2007;133(2): 109-136.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2006. 08.006. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.08.006 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MHFGMR
2. GOST 2116-2000. Muka kormovaya iz ryby, morskih mlekopitayuschih, rakoobraznyh i bespozvonochnyh. Tehnicheskie usloviya. Vzamen GOST 2116-82; vved. 2003-01-01. Minsk: Izd-vo standartov, 2001. III,7 c.; 29 sm.
3. GOST 25311-82. Muka kormovaya zhivotnogo proishozhdeniya. Metody bakteriologicheskogo analiza. Vved. 1983-07-01; pereizd.: oktyabr' 1984 g. M.: Izd-vo standartov, 1985. 8 s.; 22 sm.
4. Pravila bakteriologicheskogo issledovaniya kormov. Utv. Gl. upr. veterinarii M-va sel'sk. hoz-va SSSR 10.06.75. M.: Kolos, 1976. 18 s.; 20 sm.
5. GOST ISO 7218-2015. Mikrobiologiya pischevyh produktov i kormov dlya zhivotnyh. Vzamen GOST ISO 7218-2011; vved. 2016-07-01. M.: Standartinform, 2016. VI, 69, [1] c.; 29 sm.
6. Laboratornaya diagnostika sal'monellezov cheloveka i zhivotnyh, obnaruzhenie sal'monell v kormah, produktah pitaniya i ob'ektah vneshney sredy. Utver.: GUV MSH iz MZ SSSR 1990-01-01.
7. Metodika. Indikacii bakteriy roda Proteus v kormah zhivotnogo proishozhdeniya. Utver.: GUV MSH SSSR 1981-05-21. M.: Kolos, 1981. 5 s.
8. GOST 7169-66. Otrubi pshenichnye. Tehnicheskie usloviya. Vzamen GOST 7169-54; vved.: 1967-01-01: Pereizd. (mart 1997 g.) s Izm. № 1, 2, utv. v dek. 1982 g., okt. 1992 g. (IUS 4-83, 12-92). M.: Izd-vo standartov, 1997. 5 s.; 21 sm.
9. GOST R 54319-2011. Muka kormovaya. Tehnicheskie usloviya. Vved.: 2012-07-01. M.: Standartinform, 2012. II, 8 s.: tabl.; 29 sm.
10. GOST R 55489-2013. Glyuten kukuruznyy. Tehnicheskie usloviya. Vved.: 2015-01-01. M.: Standartinform, 2014. II, 11s; 29 sm.
11. GOST 80-96. Zhmyh podsolnechnyy. Tehnicheskie usloviya. Vzamen GOST 80-62; vved. 1997-07-01. M.: IPK Izd-vo standartov, 1997 g. III, 9 s.
12. GOST 11246-96. Shrot podsolnechnyy. Tehnicheskie usloviya. Vzamen GOST 11246-65, krome razd. 1a / vved. 1997-01-01. M.: IPK Izd-vo standartov, 1997. III, 12 s.; 20 sm.
13. GOST 20083-74. Drozhzhi kormovye. Tehnicheskie usloviya. Gosudarstvennyy standart Soyuza SSR: srok deystviya s 01.01.76 do 01.07.90 / Gosstandart. Pereizd. (oktyabr' 1986 g.) s Izm. № 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, utv. v mae 1976 g., avguste 1983 g., noyabre 1984 g.; Post. № 4030 ot 28.11.84, yanvare 1976 g., avguste 1986 g. (IUS 6-76, 9-83, 2-85, 5-86, 11-86). M.: Izd-vo standartov, 1989. 17 s.
14. TR TS 015/2011. O bezopasnosti zerna. Utverzhden resheniem Komissii Tamozhennogo soyuza ot 9 dekabrya 2011 g. № 874. 1-e izd., ster. Elektrostal': CNTD "Reglament", 2012. 34 s.: tabl.; 30 sm. (Tehnicheskiy reglament Tamozhennogo soyuza).;. ISBN: 978-5-906012-09-8
15. GOST R 54078-2010. Pshenica kormovaya. Tehnicheskie usloviya. Vved. 2012-01-01. M.: Standartinform, 2011. II, 8 s.
16. GOST R 53901-2010. Oves kormovoy. Tehnicheskie usloviya. Vved. 2011-07-01. M.: Standartinform, 2011. II, 5 s.
17. GOST R 53900-2010. Yachmen' kormovoy. Tehnicheskie usloviya. Vved.: 2011-07-01. M.: Standartiform, 2011. II, 5 s.
18. GOST R 53903-2010. Kukuruza kormovaya. Tehnicheskie usloviya. - Vved.: 2011-07-01. M.: Standartiform, 2011. II, 5 s.
19. GOST R 54630-2011. Goroh kormovoy. Tehnicheskie usloviya. - Vved.: 2013-01-01. M.: Standartiform, 2012. II, 8 s.
20. Kolychev N.M., Gosmanov R.G. Veterinarnaya mikrobiologiya i mikologiya: uchebnik / 3-e izd., ster. Sankt-Peterburg: Lan', 2022. 624 s. // Lan': elektronno-bibliotechnaya sistema. URL: https://e.lanbook.com/book/207101 (data obrascheniya: 09.03.2024). Rezhim dostupa: dlya avtoriz. pol'zovateley. ISBN: 978-5-8114-4735-0 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MIZURJ
21. Zoogigienicheskaya i veterinarno-sanitarnaya ekspertiza kormov: uchebnik / A.F. Kuznecov, A.M. Lunegov, K.A. Rozhkov [i dr.] Sankt-Peterburg: Lan', 2022. 508 s. // Lan': elektronno-bibliotechnaya sistema. URL: https://e.lanbook.com/book/210023 (data obrascheniya: 09.03.2024). Rezhim dostupa: dlya avtoriz. pol'zovateley. ISBN: 978-5-8114-2778-9 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ZHUQSD
22. Donnik I.M., Pelevina N.A Mikrobiologicheskiy kontrol' kormov i kombikormovogo syr'ya // Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2008. №5. S. 53-55. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/JSEYPT
23. Sal'monellezy zhivotnyh i ptic: uchebnoe posobie / O.A. Manzhurina, A.M. Skogoreva, B.V. Romashov [i dr.] Voronezh: VGAU, 2018. 135 s. // Lan': elektronno-bibliotechnaya sistema. URL: https://e.lanbook.com/book/178938 (data obrascheniya: 09.03.2024). Rezhim dostupa: dlya avtoriz. pol'zovateley. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YVLHSY
24. Petryankin F.P., Petrova O.Yu. Bolezni molodnyaka zhivotnyh: uchebnoe posobie / 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Sankt-Peterburg: Lan', 2022. 352 s. Tekst: elektronnyy // Lan': elektronno-bibliotechnaya sistema. URL: https://e.lanbook.com/book/211505 (data obrascheniya: 19.11.2023). Rezhim dostupa: dlya avtoriz. pol'zovateley. ISBN: 978-5-8114-1606-6 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/TXPIRR
25. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po bakteriologicheskoy diagnostike kolibakterioza (esherihioza) zhivotnyh: N 13-7-2/2117: utv. Departamentom veterinarii M-va sel'skogo hozyaystva i prodovol'stviya RF 27.07.2000.
26. Protei i ih patogennaya rol': ucheb.-metod. posobie / R.B. Korochkin, A.A. Verbickiy, I.A. Krasochko [i dr.]. Vitebsk: UO VGAVM, 2021. 28 s. URL: https://repo.vsavm.by/handle/123456789/22647. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/FDZAGA
