This study presents a sanitary and microbiological assessment of products and facilities in livestock farms of the Northern region of Kazakhstan, aimed at evaluating microbial contamination and detecting pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Samples of fresh milk, raw meat, swabs from livestock facility surfaces and milk storage tanks, as well as feces from cattle, were analyzed. The study focused on identifying Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp.. The results revealed that E. coli was the most prevalent microorganism, with an overall detection rate of 59.2%, reaching up to 93.1% in fecal samples and 82.0% in surface swabs, indicating significant risks of cross-contamination and insufficient sanitary control. Salmonella spp. was detected in 15.5% of samples, mainly in feces (26.8%) and tank swabs (18.4%), highlighting its epidemiological and zoonotic importance. Staphylococcus spp.. were found in 4.1% of samples, primarily in feces (9.8%) and surface swabs (4.0%), but were absent in fresh milk and raw meat, possibly due to processing conditions and lower colonization ability. These findings emphasize the need to strengthen veterinary-sanitary control, improve disinfection and hygiene protocols, and develop preventive measures to reduce microbial load and prevent pathogen spread in the production environment. The study provides a basis for enhancing food safety and increasing the effectiveness of epizootic control measures in livestock farms in the region.
microbiological monitoring, escherichia coli, veterinary and sanitary control, animal husbandry, food safety
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